Activating the second I2C bus on Raspberry Pi from Python
The Raspberry Pi comes with two I2C interfaces. One set of SDA-SCL pins is part of the GPIO P1 header (I2C 1), the second is located on the P5 header (I2C 0).
However, I2C 0 isn’t connected to P5 by default, but aparently to the camera connector S5. Martin Jones has some more details on this. He also provides a way to activate the I2C 0. But he does it with C and I wanted Python.
There’s also a discussion in the Raspberry Pi forum where bgreat published a Python script. Only his solution requires additional pull up resistors on the SDA/SCL lines. I gathered some more background information, dug around in the BCM2835 C library source and concluded it’s possible to configure internal pull up resistors (Martin’s C code does that). The missing link was to port the pull up configuring C code to Python and integrate it into bgreat’s solution.
That’s what I did.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# W. Greathouse 13-Feb-2013
# S. Ludwig 26-Oct-2014
#
# Inspired by bcm2835 source - http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/bcm2835/
#
# Enable I2C on P1 and P5 (Rev 2 boards only)
#
# #######
# For I2C configuration test
import os
import mmap
import time
BLOCK_SIZE = 4096
BCM2708_PERI_BASE = 0x20000000 # Base address of peripheral registers
GPIO_BASE = (BCM2708_PERI_BASE + 0x00200000) # Address of GPIO registers
GPFSEL0 = 0x0000 # Function select 0
GPFSEL2 = 0x0008 # Function select 2
GPPUD = 0x0094 # GPIO Pin Pull-up/down Enable
GPPUDCLK0 = 0x0098 # GPIO Pin Pull-up/down Enable Clock 0
GPIO_PUD_OFF = 0b00 # Off - disable pull-up/down
GPIO_PUD_UP = 0b10 # Enable Pull Up control
def get_revision():
with open('/proc/cpuinfo') as lines:
for line in lines:
if line.startswith('Revision'):
return int(line.strip()[-4:],16)
raise RuntimeError('No revision found.')
def i2cConfig():
if get_revision() <= 3:
print("Rev 2 or greater Raspberry Pi required.")
return
# Use /dev/mem to gain access to peripheral registers
mf = os.open("/dev/mem", os.O_RDWR|os.O_SYNC)
memory = mmap.mmap(mf, BLOCK_SIZE, mmap.MAP_SHARED,
mmap.PROT_READ|mmap.PROT_WRITE, offset=GPIO_BASE)
# can close the file after we have mmap
os.close(mf)
# each 32 bit register controls the functions of 10 pins, each 3 bit, starting at the LSB
# 000 = input
# 100 = alt function 0
# Read function select registers
# GPFSEL0 -- GPIO 0,1 I2C0 GPIO 2,3 I2C1
memory.seek(GPFSEL0)
reg0 = int.from_bytes(memory.read(4), byteorder='little')
# GPFSEL0 bits --> x[20] SCL1[3] SDA1[3]
# GPIO3 GPIO2 GPIO1 GPIO0
reg0_mask = 0b00000000000000000000111111111111
reg0_conf = 0b00000000000000000000100100000000
if reg0 & reg0_mask != reg0_conf:
print("register 0 configuration of I2C 1 not correct. Updating.")
reg0 = (reg0 & ~reg0_mask) | reg0_conf
memory.seek(GPFSEL0)
memory.write(reg0.to_bytes(4, byteorder='little'))
# GPFSEL2 -- GPIO 28,29 I2C0
memory.seek(GPFSEL2)
reg2 = int.from_bytes(memory.read(4), byteorder='little')
# GPFSEL2 bits --> x[2] SCL0[3] SDA0[3] x[24]
# GPIO29 GPIO28
reg2_mask = 0b00111111000000000000000000000000
reg2_conf = 0b00100100000000000000000000000000
if reg2 & reg2_mask != reg2_conf:
print("register 2 configuration of I2C 0 not correct. Updating.")
reg2 = (reg2 & ~reg2_mask) | reg2_conf
memory.seek(GPFSEL2)
memory.write(reg2.to_bytes(4, byteorder="little"))
# Configure pull up resistors for GPIO28 and GPIO29
def configure_pull_up(pin):
memory.seek(GPPUD)
memory.write(GPIO_PUD_UP.to_bytes(4, byteorder="little"))
time.sleep(10e-6)
memory.seek(GPPUDCLK0)
memory.write((1 << pin).to_bytes(4, byteorder="little"))
time.sleep(10e-6)
memory.seek(GPPUD)
memory.write(GPIO_PUD_OFF.to_bytes(4, byteorder="little"))
memory.seek(GPPUDCLK0)
memory.write((0 << pin).to_bytes(4, byteorder="little"))
configure_pull_up(28)
configure_pull_up(29)
# No longer need the mmap
memory.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
i2cConfig()
Gist URL: https://gist.github.com/sebastianludwig/cd2f28cfd380383650fa
To be honest, I’m not 100% sure about configure_pull_up, especially the byte order. It seems to work… Please report any issues you might run into.